Press



Oct. 21, 1930. s. HAVERBECK 1,779,093

1 PRESS I Filed April 26, 1928 s Sheets-Sheet 1 Oct. 21, 1930.

E. HAVERBEK PRESS s Sheets-Sheet 2 a /7 VV/ 5 mwd 4 2 j 3 1 v y M. .4. u y VVV y w M 1 F r w QM 5P4! (A/ w w 1 .7w 5 7 w 4 .M, w n my w 4 II/l "IIIII'I Oct. 21, 1930. EQ'HAVE-RBECK PRESS 3 Sheets-Shoot 3 Filed April 26. 1928 Patented Oct. 21, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE EDGAR navnnnncx, or GOPPINGEN, GERMANY, assrenon TO THE FIRM L. scnumn;

. A.-G., oreorrmenn, GERMANY PRESS Application filed April 26,1928, Serial 1W0. 273,046, and in Germany September 19, 1927.

My invention relates to presses and more particularly.to the tools of single acting cupping presses in which the blank support is V provided with an air cushion. It is an object 5 ofmy invention to provide a press of this type in which separate means forsupplying compressed air to the cushion are dispensed with.

To this end I provide means for compress-- ing air in the cushion which are operated by a-moving part of the press. I may for instance provide a compressor which is actuated from the driving shaft of the press, or, and this is a preferred embodiment of my invention, I may connect with the air cushion cient supply of compressed air has been a pair of pistons one of which actsto compress the air in the cushion, or a single piston in combination with a reciprocating cylinder. In this manner a separate source of power and a separate compressor are dispensed with so that the press is simplified and the cost of operation is reduced. The means for generating compressed air may be modified in various ways as will be. described hereinafter. In the case of two cooperating pistons, the pistons may have the same or a different diameter, or may be combined to form a single stepped piston. Instead of being arranged coaxially and on the same rod, the pistons may be arranged separately, with their axes extending in parallel or at an angle, as desired, pitched any distance apart and connected by any suitable power transmitting means, for instance by a lever, the arms of which may be unequal with an advantage in favour of the piston by which the air is com ressed, so that a large stroke of this piston 1s obtained for a small stroke of the piston which constitutes the cushion and is connected with the ram. This is particularly favourable for presses in which the stroke of the ram is small, as the rate at which compressed air is generated becomes more rapid. The separate arrangement of the cylinders' reduces the height of the press and is particularly suitable in cases in which a pit in the foundation cannot, or

preferably should not be made for the reception of the compressor piston. It will be understood that the compressor piston is quite independent of the cushioning piston, may be arranged anywhere and connected with the ram or the rod ofthe cushioning piston by any suitable means.

Instead of stationary cylinders and movable pistons I may provide stationary pistons and impart reciprocation to the cylinders from the ram of the press by any suitable means.

It may happen that compressed air is not available at the beginning of the operation of the press and therefore means are preferably provided for moving the cushioning piston into its operative position during the initial period of operation and until a sufiistored. To this end a one-way connection may be provided between the ram of the press and the cushioning piston by which the piston is returned to its initial position with respect to the ram after each descent of the ram. Suchmeans may be constitutedby a rod or a plurality of rods connected with the cushioning piston so as to leave it stationary while the ram is descending and to entrain it upon the upward stroke of the ram.

In the drawings ailixed to this specification and forming part thereof several presses embodying my invention are illustrated by way of example.;

In the drawings Fig. 1 is a partly sectional elevation of a a compressor driven from its press having shaft,

Fig. 2 is a section on a larger scale showing an air cushion having a pair of pistons of different diameters on a common rod,

Fig. 3 is a section similar to Fig. 2 showing pistons of equal diameter,

Fig. 4 is a section of an arrangement similar to Fig. 3' but equipped with means for turning to avail the power expanded on a certain volume of air whi h is wasted in the arrangement illustrated i Fig. 3,

Fig. 5 is a section showing the cushioning and compressor pistons pitched apart and adapted to reciprocatein separate cylinders,

Fig. 6 is a section of an air cushion having a stationary step piston and zi cylinder which is reciprocated by the ram, I I

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Fig. 7 is a similar section showing a modification of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 6, and

Fig. 8 is a section of a cushion having a single-diameter stationary piston in a reciprocating cylinder.

Referring now to Fig. 1, 1 is the driving shaft of the machine, 31 and 32 are fast and loose pulleys on the shaft, 33 in a shipper lever cooperating with the pulleys, 2 and 3 are friction discs on the shaft, 4 is a handle, and 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 is a linkage for axially displacing the shaft in parallel in its bearings so as to cause the discs 2 and 3 to engage alternately a disc 12 on a threaded spindle 14 in the frame 13.

15 is a ram attached to the lower end of the spindle 14 and guided in the frame 13, 16 is a female die secured to the ram 15, 17 is an annular blank support, and 18 is a stationary male die.

22 is a cushioning piston in a cylinder 23 which is open at the top and closed at the bottom, 21 is the rod of the piston, is a plate arranged below the die 18, 19 are rods supporting the support 17 on the plate 20, and 24 are checks for limiting the upwarc stroke of the piston 22.

26 is an air reservoir, is a pipe and 34 is an opening in the cylinder 23 to which the pipe is connected. 28 is a compressorwhich may be secured on the reservoir 26, 27 is the piston ,of the compressor, 29 is the suction valve in the piston and 30 is the delivery valve in the bottom of the cylinder 28. 29 is a crank on the shaft 1 and 28 is a connecting rod by which the piston 27 is operated from the crank.

In operation, a-blank is placed on the sup port 17, and upon the descent of the die 16, together with the annular support 17, the blank is cupped by the cooperating dies 16, 18, the rim of the blank being held between the flange of the die 16 and the ring 17. The support 17 is moving with the die 16 against the pressure of the air in the cylinder 23 so that the rim of the blank is firmly held, while the die is descending. When the ram 15 is raised after the completion of the cupping process, the compressed air raises the support 17 with the die 16, stripping the finished cup from the die 18.

Referring now to Fig. 2, 23 is a cylinde arranged below the dies as described, 22 is its cushioning piston, 21 is its piston rod, and '34 is an opening in the cylinder connected with an air reservoir 26, as described, the compressor 28 being dispensed with. 34' is a check valve in the passage 34. A safety valve may be provided in the pipe connecting the cylinder and the reservoir. 38 is a cylinder which is open at its lower end and secured to the bottom of the cylinder 23, 37 is the compressor piston which reciprocates in this cylinder and is secured on the rod 21 of' the cushioning piston 22, 39 is a leather cup on the piston 37, 40, 40 are suction valves in the piston, and 41 is a delivery valve in the bottom 35 of the cylinder 23.

46 is an extension of the piston rod 21 beyond the lower face of the piston 37, 47 is a transverse bar secured to the lower end of the extension, and 48, 48 are rods by which the transverse bar 47 is connected with the ram 15. The rods 48 slide freely in the bar 47 When the ram descends but raise it upon the upward movement of the ram unless it is raised by the air below the piston 22. The object of this arrangement is to return the piston 22 to its initial position at the begin: ning of the operation when a supply of compressed air in the cylinder 23 and the reservoir 26 is not yet available.

A combined leather and hydraulic packing may be provided for the cushioning piston 22, 42 and 43 being leather cups, 44 is a cavity in the piston containing oil, glycerine or another suitable liquid, and 45 is a passage connecting the cavity 44 with the space below the piston.

In operation, when the die 16 descends, air is compressed below the piston 22 and partly discharged into the reservoir 26 through the opening 34. The piston 37 descends with the piston 22 and air is admitted into the space above the piston 37 through the-inlet valves 40, 40 of the piston. The valve 41 remains closed as the pressure in the'cylinder 23 exceeds that in cylinder 38. When the piston 22 moves upwards with the ascending die 16 under the action of the air which has been compressed below it, the air above the piston 37 is compressed and finally causes the valve 41 to open so that the pressures in the cylinders 38 and 23 are balanced and the cylinder 23 and the reservoir 26 are recharged with compressed air.

The pressure of the air in the cylinder 23 tends to force the liquid in the cavity 24 to the rim of the piston 22 and toward the packing 42, 43, improving the packing at these parts and, at the same time, lubricating the piston.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the arrangement of the pistons 22 and 37 is reversed as compared with Fig, 2 and the two pistons are of equal. diameter. hen the die 16 descends, the rod 21 descends also and the piston 22 draws atmospheric air into a space below the bottom or partition 35 through a port 50, while at the same time the air below the piston 37 which has been admitted through its suction valves 40, is compressed and delivered to the reservoir 26 through the passage 34 and past the check valve 34. Upon the return stroke of the two pistons the air compressed between the upper face of the piston 22 and the partition 35 is discharged through the. port "50, and a charge of fresh air is suitable link 58.

drawn into the space below the piston 37 throu h its suction valves 40.

Re erring now to Fig. 4, the arrangement of the pistons 22 and 37 on' the rod 21 is the same as shown in Fig. 2 but the pistons have equal diameters as in Fig. 3. In this instance the power expenditure for drawing air into, and expelling it from, thespace between the piston 22 and the partition 35 through the port 50, is not wasted. 52 is an axial bore in the lower end of the piston rod 21, and 53 are radial passages connecting the bore with the chamber below the piston 22. 51 is a che'ck valve connecting the chamber between the bottom or partition 35 and the piston 37 with atmosphere and 34 is the passage connect--' ing the chamber below the piston 37 with the reservoir 26, as described. When the pistons descend, air is drawn into the chamber below the partition 35 through a'check valve 51. The air below the piston 37 is partly discharged into the reservoir 26 through the passage 34and partly delivered to the chamber between the piston 22 and the partition 35 through the bores 52, 53. \Vhen the pistons move upwards, the check valve 51 closes and the air between the piston 37 and the partition 35 is compressed and discharged into thechamber below the piston 37 through the valves 40.

Referring now to 5, the coaxial relation of the pistons 22 and 37 is abandoned here, each piston reciprocating in a separate cylinder 23 and 38 respectively, so that the cylinders may be arranged in any relative position, as required by space or other considerations. 54 is a lever which is fulcrumed to the cylinder 23 of the piston 22 at 56 and connected to the rod 57 of the piston 37 by a. The arm of the lever 54 which is connected with the rod 57 is longer than the other arm, for the purpose specified. 59 is a suction valve in the bottom of the cylinder 38, 60 is a check valve, also in the bottom of the cylinder, and 61 is a delivery pipe connecting the check valve with the reservoir 26. 62 is a passage in the cylinder 23 of the piston 22 through which the cylinder is connected with the air reservoir.

Referring now to Fig. 6, 63, 63 are push rods connected with the plate 20 on which the support 17 is exerting thrust through the medium of the supporting rods 19, as described above,-64' is a cylinder to which the other ends of the rods 63 are secured, and 65 is a piston in the cylinder the rod'66 of which is. secured in a hollow bracket 67. The

bracket is attached to the support of the die 18 so that the piston 65 and the die 18 are held stationary. The piston 65 is provided with a downward extension 68 of smaller diameter a which reciprocates in a cylinder 69 at the lower end of the cylinder, 64. 70' is a suction valve in the bottom of the cylinder 69, 71 is a delivery valve in a bore 72 of the pis- .cylinder 64 is discharged into the reservoir 26 through 73, 72 and 74 and at the same time a fresh charge of air is drawn into the cylinder 69 through the valve 7 O which upon the following upward movement of the cylinders is compressed below the piston 68 and discharged into the cylinder 64 and the pipe 74 through the bore 72. and its branches 63. The passage 75 prevents the formation of a vacuum below-the piston 65 upon the descent of the cylinders 64, 69 and means as described with reference to Fig. 4 may be provided for eliminating useless expenditure of power at this point.

Means as described with reference to Fig. 2 may be provided for returning the cylinders 64, 69 to initial position when compressed air is not yet available, and to this end ears 76 are arranged on the cylinder 64 and rods 48 are provided to connect the ears with the ram 15 so as not to entrain the cylinders 64, 69 when the ram descends but to raise them with the rising ram.

Referring now to Fig. 7, this shows a spring 77 inserted between the piston 65 and. the'top of the cylinder 64 by which the cylinders are returned to their initial position instead of being raised by the ram through the medium of the rods 48.

Referring now to Fig. 8, the cylinders 64, 69 with their pistons are combined into a single cylinder 78 with a single piston 79. 80 is a'suction valve in the lower cylinder cover81, 82 is a delivery valve in the piston 79, and 83 is a passage connecting the space above the piston 79 with the reservoir 26 through suitable flexible means, jointed pipes or the like, not shown.

Air is drawn into the chamber below the piston 79 when the. cylinder 78 descends, compressed and discharged into the cham- .ber above the piston when the cylinder" 78 rises. As in the'present instance the areas of the two pistonfaces are equal the cylinder would cease to move in upward direc tion as soon as the pressure in the upper and lower chambers had become balanced and to avoid this it is necessary that the cylinder. should be raised by the rods 48. In this case, therefore, the rods 48 are not auxiliaries but permanently operated parts of the mechanism.

I wish it to be understood thatI do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

I claim 1. A press comprising a movable blank support,a cylinder, two pistons in said cyl-' inder operatively connected with said sup- 5 port, each piston moving in a separate compartment of said cylinder, both compartments being open to atmosphere at one end, a suction valve in one of said pistons, and a pressure-controlled valve adapted to-conm nect said compartments under given pressure conditions.

2. A press comprising a movable blank support, a cylinder, a cushioning piston and a compressor piston operatively connected with said blank support in said cylinder, a partition in said cylinder intermediate said pistons, a suction valve in the chamber in termediate said compressor piston and said partition, and means for connecting said chamber with the chamber intermediate said cushioning piston and said partition.

3. A press comprising a movable blank support, a cylinder, a rod operatively connected with said support, a cushioning piston and a compressor piston on said rod and in said cylinder, a partition in said cylinder intermediate said pistons, a suction valve in said compressorpiston, and a delivery valve in the chamber intermediate said partition and said compressor piston.

4. A press comprising a movable blank support, a cylinder, a rod operatively connected with said support, a cushioning piston and a compressor piston on said rod and 5 in said cylinder, a partition in said cylinder intermediate said pistons, a suction valve in the chamber intermediate said partition and said compressor piston, saicl rod having a passage connecting the chamber 40 intermediate said compressor piston and the end of the chamber in which said compressor piston is reciprocating, with the chamber in which a cushioning piston is reciprocating, and a check valve in said compressor piston adapted to open into the end of said chamber of said compressor piston.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

EDGAR HAVERBECK. 

